《分離工程》是Phillip C. Wankat教授傾心著就的國際經(jīng)典教材，現(xiàn)已修訂至第五版。本書是研究化工及相關(guān)領(lǐng)域中物質(zhì)分離與純化工程技術(shù)的著作，內(nèi)容涵蓋了各種分離方法的特點、原理、計算方法、設(shè)備選型以及仿真模擬等基礎(chǔ)理論知識。作者系統(tǒng)闡述了主要分離單元操作，著重分析傳遞過程、過程建模與求解，不僅涵蓋精餾、吸收、萃取等傳統(tǒng)分離過程，更涉及膜分離、吸附、色譜、熔融結(jié)晶等新型分離技術(shù)。通過典型化工單元計算案例分析，培養(yǎng)讀者分析和求解復(fù)雜分離過程問題的能力，幫助掌握分離單元操作的計算方法。 《分離工程》不僅可作為高等院�；瘜W工程與工藝專業(yè)本科生和研究生的教材，也是化學工程、石油化工及相關(guān)專業(yè)技術(shù)人員的寶貴參考書。
Nomenclature 符號表
第1章 Introduction to Separation Process Engineering 分離工程簡介 1 1.0 Summary—Objectives / 概要與教學目標/ 1 1.1 Importance of Separations / 分離的重要性 / 1 1.2 Concept of Equilibrium / 平衡的概念 / 3 1.3 Mass Transfer Concepts / 傳質(zhì)的概念 / 4 1.4 Problem-Solving Methods / 問題解決方法 / 5 1.5 Units / 單位 / 6 1.6 Computers and Computer Simulations / 計算機與計算模擬 / 7 1.7 Prerequisite Material / 預(yù)習資料 / 7 1.8 Other Resources on Separation Process Engineering / 分離工程的其他資源 / 9 References / 參考文獻 / 10 Problems / 習題 / 11
第15章 Introduction to Diffusion and Mass Transfer 擴散和傳質(zhì)簡介 575 15.0 Summary—Objectives / 概要與教學目標 / 576 15.1 Molecular Movement Leads to Mass Transfer / 分子運動導(dǎo)致傳質(zhì) / 577 15.2 Fickian Model of Diffusivity / 菲克擴散模型 / 578 15.2.1 Fick’s Law and the Fickian Definition of Diffusivity / 菲克定律與菲克擴散系數(shù)的定義 / 578 15.2.2 Steady-State Binary Fickian Diffusion and Mass Balances without Convection / 無對流的穩(wěn)態(tài)二元菲克擴散和質(zhì)量衡算 / 580 Example 15-1. Determination of Diffusivity in Dilute Binary Mixture / 例題15-1. 稀二元混合物中擴散系數(shù)的測定 / 580 Example 15-2. Steady-State Diffusion without Convection: Low-Temperature Evaporation / 例題 15-2. 無對流的穩(wěn)態(tài)擴散：低溫蒸發(fā) / 582 15.2.3 Unsteady Binary Fickian Diffusion with No Convection (Optional) / 無對流的非穩(wěn)態(tài)二元菲克擴散（可選） / 584 15.2.4 Steady-State Binary Fickian Diffusion and Mass Balances with Convection / 有對流的穩(wěn)態(tài)二元菲克擴散和質(zhì)量守恒 / 586 Example 15-3. Steady-State Diffusion with Convection: High-Temperature Evaporation / 例題 15-3. 有對流的穩(wěn)態(tài)擴散：高溫蒸發(fā) / 589 15.3 Values and Correlations for Fickian Binary Diffusivities / 二元菲克擴散系數(shù)的數(shù)值和關(guān)聯(lián)式 / 593 15.3.1 Fickian Binary Gas Diffusivities / 二元氣體菲克擴散系數(shù) / 593 Example 15-4. Estimation of Temperature Effect on Fickian Gas Diffusivity / 題 15-4. 溫度對氣體菲克擴散系數(shù)影響的估算 / 596 15.3.2 Fickian Binary Liquid Diffusivities / 二元液體菲克擴散系數(shù) / 596 15.3.3 Numerical Solution with Variable Binary Diffusivity / 可變二元擴散系數(shù)的數(shù)值解 / 599 Example 15-5. Numerical Solution for Variable Diffusivity and Molar Concentration / 例題 15-5. 可變擴散系數(shù)和摩爾濃度的數(shù)值解 / 599 15.4 Linear Driving-Force Model of Mass Transfer for Binary Systems / 二元體系的線性推動力傳質(zhì)模型 / 601 15.4.1 Film Theory for Dilute and Equimolar Transfer Systems / 稀濃度等摩爾傳質(zhì)的雙膜理論 / 602 15.4.2 Transfer through Stagnant Films: Absorbers and Strippers / 通過滯留膜的傳質(zhì)：吸收塔和解吸塔 / 605 15.4.3 Binary Mass Transfer to Expanding or Contracting Objects / 膨脹或收縮物體的二元傳質(zhì) / 606 Example 15-6. Shrinking Diameter of Oxygen Bubble / 例題 15-6. 氧氣氣泡的收縮直徑 / 609 15.4.4 Binary Mass Transfer to Expanding or Contracting Objects: Variable Mass Transfer Coefficient / 膨脹或收縮物體的二元傳質(zhì)：可變傳質(zhì)系數(shù) / 613 Example 15-7. Sublimination of Solid Particle / 例題15-7.固體顆粒的升華 / 614 15.5 Correlations for Mass Transfer Coefficients / 傳質(zhì)系數(shù)的關(guān)聯(lián)式 / 615 15.5.1 Dimensionless Groups / 無量綱數(shù)群 / 616 15.5.2 Theoretically Derived Mass Transfer Correlations / 理論推導(dǎo)的傳質(zhì)關(guān)聯(lián)式 / 617 15.5.3 Semi-Empirical and Empirical Mass Transfer Coefficient Correlations / 半經(jīng)驗和經(jīng)驗的傳質(zhì)系數(shù)關(guān)聯(lián)式 / 621 Example 15-8. Estimation of Mass Transfer Coefficients / 例題 15-8. 傳質(zhì)系數(shù)的估算 / 623 15.5.4 Correlations Based on Analogies / 基于類比法的關(guān)聯(lián)式 / 625 15.6 Difficulties with Fickian Diffusion Model / 菲克擴散模型的難點 / 626 15.7 Maxwell-Stefan Model of Diffusion and Mass Transfer / 麥克斯韋-斯特藩擴散與傳質(zhì)模型 / 627 15.7.1 Introductory Development of the Maxwell-Stefan Theory of Diffusion / 麥克斯韋-斯特藩擴散理論入門 / 627 15.7.2 Maxwell-Stefan Equations for Binary Nonideal Systems / 二元非理想體系的麥克斯韋-斯特藩方程 / 629 15.7.3 Determining Independent Fluxes Nj,z / 確定獨立通量Nj,z / 630 15.7.4 Maxwell-Stefan Difference Equation Formulations / 麥克斯韋-斯特藩差分方程表達式 / 631 15.7.5 Relationship between Maxwell-Stefan and Fickian Diffusivities / 麥克斯韋-斯特藩擴散系數(shù)與菲克擴散系數(shù)的關(guān)系 / 632 Example 15-9. Maxwell-Stefan Nonideal Binary Diffusion / 例題 15-9. 麥克斯韋-斯特藩非理想二元擴散 / 633 15.7.6 Ideal Ternary Systems / 理想三元體系 / 635 Example 15-10. Maxwell-Stefan Ideal Ternary System / 例題 15-10. 麥克斯韋-斯特藩理想三元體系 / 637 15.7.7 Ternary Mass Transfer to Expanding or Contracting Objects / 膨脹或收縮物體的三元傳質(zhì) / 639 Example 15-11. Ternary Transfer from An Evaporating Drop / 例題 15-11. 蒸發(fā)液滴的三元傳質(zhì) / 639 15.7.8 Nonideal Ternary Systems / 非理想三元體系 / 640 15.8 Advantages and Disadvantages of Different Diffusion and Mass Transfer Models / 不同擴散和傳質(zhì)模型的優(yōu)缺點 / 641 15.9 Useful Approximate Values / 有用的近似值 / 642 References / 參考文獻 / 642 Problems / 習題 / 643 Appendix. Spreadsheets for Examples 15-10 and 15-11 / 附錄. 例題15-10和15-11用到的電子表格 / 650
第16章 Mass Transfer Analysis for Distillation, Absorption, Stripping, and Extraction 精餾、吸收、解吸和萃取的傳質(zhì)分析 653 16.0 Summary—Objectives / 概要與教學目標 / 653 16.1 HTU-NTU Analysis of Packed Distillation Columns / 填料精餾塔的HTU-NTU分析 / 653 Example 16-1. Distillation in A Packed Column / 例題 16-1. 填料精餾塔 / 659 16.2 Relationship of HETP and HTU / HETP和HTU的關(guān)系 / 661 16.3 Correlations for HTU Values for Packings / 填料HTU值的關(guān)聯(lián)式 / 663 16.3.1 Bolles and Fair Correlation for HTU Values of Random Packings / 無規(guī)填料HTU值的博爾斯-費爾關(guān)聯(lián)式/ 664 Example 16-2. Estimation of HG and HL / 例題 16-2. HG和HL的估算 / 665 16.3.2 Additional Correlations for Random and Structured Packings / 無規(guī)填料和規(guī)整填料的附加關(guān)聯(lián)式 / 669 16.4 HTU-NTU Analysis of Absorbers and Strippers / 吸收塔和解吸塔的HTU-NTU分析 / 670 Example 16-3. Absorption of SO2 / 例題 16-3. SO2吸收 / 674 16.5 HTU-NTU Analysis of Cocurrent Absorbers / 并流吸收塔的HTU-NTU分析 / 675 16.6 Prediction of Distillation Tray Efficiency / 精餾塔板效率的預(yù)測 / 677 Example 16-4. Estimation of Distillation Stage Efficiency / 例題 16-4. 精餾塔板效率估算 / 678 16.7 Mass Transfer Analysis of Extraction / 萃取傳質(zhì)分析 / 679 16.7.1 Extraction Mass Transfer Equations and HTU-NTU Analysis / 萃取傳質(zhì)方程與HTU-NTU分析 / 680 16.7.2 Calculation of Stage Efficiency in Extraction Mixers / 萃取混合器的級效率計算 / 681 Example 16-5. Conversion of Mass Transfer Coefficients and Estimation of Mixer Stage Efficiency / 例題 16-5. 傳質(zhì)系數(shù)換算和混合器級效率估算 / 684 16.7.3 Drop Size in Mixers / 混合器中的液滴尺寸 / 686 16.7.4 Mass Transfer Coefficients in Mixers / 混合器中的傳質(zhì)系數(shù) / 687 16.7.4.1 Mixer Mass Transfer Coefficients for Individual Drops (Optional) / 混合器中單個液滴的傳質(zhì)系數(shù)（可選） / 687 16.7.4.2 Mass Transfer Coefficients for Drop Swarms in Mixers / 混合器中液滴群的傳質(zhì)系數(shù) / 688 16.7.4.3 Conservative Estimation of Mass Transfer Coefficients for Extraction / 萃取傳質(zhì)系數(shù)的保守估算 / 689 16.8 Rate-Based Analysis of Distillation / 基于速率的精餾分析 / 690 References / 參考文獻 / 693 Problems / 習題 / 695 Appendix. Computer Rate-Based Simulation of Distillation / 附錄. 基于速率的精餾計算機模擬 / 702 Lab 13. Rate-Based Modeling of Distillation / 實驗 13. 基于速率的精餾模擬 / 702
第17章 Crystallization from Solution 溶液結(jié)晶 705 17.0 Summary—Objectives / 概要與教學目標 / 706 17.1 Basic Principles of Crystallization from Solution / 溶液結(jié)晶的基本原理 / 706 17.1.1 Crystallization Processes / 結(jié)晶過程 / 706 17.1.2 Binary Equilibrium and Crystallizer Types / 二元相平衡和結(jié)晶器類型 / 708 17.2 Continuous Cooling Crystallizers / 連續(xù)冷卻結(jié)晶器 / 712 17.2.1 Equilibrium and Mass Balances for Single Solute Producing Pure Solute Crystals / 單一溶質(zhì)純晶體的相平衡和質(zhì)量衡算 / 713 Example 17-1. Continuous Cooling Crystallizer Mass Balances without Hydrates / 例題 17-1. 非水合物連續(xù)冷卻結(jié)晶器的質(zhì)量衡算 / 714 Example 17-2. Continuous Cooling Crystallizer Mass Balances for Hydrates / 例題 17-2. 水合物連續(xù)冷卻結(jié)晶器的質(zhì)量衡算 / 714 Example 17-3. Mixing Solutions When Hydrates Are Dissolved in Water / 例題 17-3.水合物溶于水時的溶液 / 716 17.2.2 Binary Eutectic Systems / 二元共熔體系 / 717 Example 17-4. Eutectic Equilibrium and Mass Balances / 例題 17-4. 共熔平衡和質(zhì)量衡算 / 718 17.2.3 Deicing with Eutectic Systems / 共熔體系除冰 / 719 17.2.4 Eutectic Freeze Concentration (EFC) / 共熔冷凍濃縮 / 720 17.2.5 Solid Solutions / 固溶體 / 721 17.3 Evaporative and Vacuum Crystallizers / 蒸發(fā)結(jié)晶器和真空結(jié)晶器 / 722 17.3.1 Equipment / 設(shè)備 / 722 17.3.2 Analysis of Evaporative Crystallizers for Single-Solute Systems for Producing Pure Solute Crystals / 純晶體單一溶質(zhì)蒸發(fā)結(jié)晶器分析 / 724 Example 17-5. Evaporative Crystallizer without Hydrate / 例題 17-5. 非水合物蒸發(fā)結(jié)晶器 / 725 Example 17-6. Evaporative Crystallizer with Hydrate / 例題 17-6. 水合物蒸發(fā)結(jié)晶器 / 725 17.3.3 Simultaneous Mass, Energy, and Equilibrium Calculations / 質(zhì)量、能量與相平衡的聯(lián)立求解 / 726 Example 17-7. Vacuum Crystallizer: Simultaneous Mass, Energy, and Equilibrium Calculations / 例題 17-7. 真空結(jié)晶器：質(zhì)量、能量與相平衡的聯(lián)立求解 / 728 17.4 Experimental Crystal Size Distribution / 晶體粒度分布的實驗測定 / 729 Example 17-8. Screen Analysis of Crystallization Data / 例題 17-8. 結(jié)晶數(shù)據(jù)的篩分分析 / 731 17.5 Introduction to Population Balances / 粒數(shù)衡算簡介 / 734 17.6 Crystal Size Distributions for MSMPR Crystallizers / MSMPR結(jié)晶器的晶體粒度分布 / 736 17.6.1 Crystal Nucleation and Growth / 晶體成核與生長 / 737 17.6.2 Development of MSMPR Equation and Determination of G and no from Experiment / MSMPR結(jié)晶器方程的建立及晶體生長速率(G)和晶核粒數(shù)密度(no)的實驗測定 / 740 Example 17-9. Determination of Kinetic Parameters from Screen Analysis Data / 例題 17-9. 從晶體篩分數(shù)據(jù)確定動力學參數(shù) / 741 17.6.3 Development and Application of Distributions for MSMPR Crystallizers / MSMPR結(jié)晶器分布特性的建立與應(yīng)用 / 742 Example 17-10. Use of Differential Mass Distribution to Analyze Screen Analysis Data / 例題 17-10. 使用差分質(zhì)量分布分析篩分數(shù)據(jù) / 745 Example 17-11. Prediction of Sieve Analysis / 例題 17-11. 篩分分析預(yù)測 / 746 Example 17-12. Combination of Equilibrium and MSMPR Distribution / 例題 17-12. 相平衡與MSMPR分布的組合 / 747 17.7 Seeding / 加晶種 / 749 17.7.1 CSD Analysis for Growth on Seeds in Continuous Crystallizers / 連續(xù)結(jié)晶器中晶種生長的CSD分析 / 750 Example 17-13. CSD of Seeded Crystallizer / 例題 17-13. 加晶種結(jié)晶器的CSD分析 / 751 17.7.2 Controlling Crystal Size by Seeding / 加晶種控制晶體尺寸 / 753 Example 17-14. Increasing Crystal Size with Seeding / 例題 17-14. 通過加晶種增大晶體尺寸 / 753 17.8 Scaleup / 放大 / 754 17.9 Batch and Semibatch Crystallization / 間歇和半間歇結(jié)晶 / 756 17.9.1 Temperature Control for Batch Cooling Crystallizers / 間歇式冷卻結(jié)晶器的溫度控制 / 756 17.9.2 Antisolvent Crystallization / 反溶劑結(jié)晶 / 758 Example 17-15. Antisolvent and Temperature Reduction Crystallization / 例題 17-15. 反溶劑和降溫結(jié)晶 / 759 17.10 Precipitation / 沉淀 / 761 17.10.1 Precipitation by Antisolvent Addition / 反溶劑法沉淀 / 761 17.10.2 Precipitation by Salting Out / 鹽析沉淀 / 762 Example 17-16. Salting out with A Common Ion / 例題 17-16. 同離子鹽析 / 762 References / 參考文獻 / 764 Problems / 習題 / 765 Appendix. Spreadsheet / 附錄. 電子表格 / 772
第18章 Melt Crystallization 熔融結(jié)晶 773 18.0 Summary—Objectives / 概要與教學目標 / 773 18.1 Equilibrium Calculations for Melt Crystallization / 熔融結(jié)晶的平衡計算 / 774 18.1.1 Binary Eutectic Systems / 二元共熔體系 / 774 Example 18-1. Eutectic Equilibrium and Mass Balances / 例題 18-1. 共熔相平衡和質(zhì)量衡算 / 775 18.1.2 Eutectic Equilibrium from Freezing Point Lowering Data / 從凝固點下降數(shù)據(jù)獲得共熔相平衡 / 777 Example 18-2. Part A. Equilibrium from Freezing Point Data / 例題 18-2. Part A. 從凝固點數(shù)據(jù)建立相平衡 / 777 Example 18-2. Part B. Equilibrium from Activity Coefficients / 例題 18-2. Part B. 由活度系數(shù)建立相平衡 / 778 18.1.3 Linear Equilibrium for Non-eutectic Melt Crystallization / 非共熔熔融結(jié)晶的線性平衡關(guān)系 / 779 18.2 Suspension Melt Crystallization / 懸浮熔融結(jié)晶 / 780 18.2.1 Process / 過程 / 780 18.2.2 Entrainment / 夾帶 / 781 Example 18-3. Entrainment Effects / 例題 18-3. 夾帶效應(yīng) / 782 18.2.3 Wash Columns / 洗滌塔 / 784 18.2.4 Heat Transfer in Suspension Melt Crystallization / 懸浮熔融結(jié)晶中的傳熱 / 786 18.2.5 Film Mass Transfer in Suspension Melt Crystallization / 懸浮熔融結(jié)晶中的膜內(nèi)傳質(zhì) / 789 18.2.6 MSMPR and Seeded Crystallizer Analysis in Suspension Melt Crystallization / 懸浮熔融結(jié)晶過程的MSMPR和加晶種結(jié)晶器分析 / 792 18.3 Introduction to Solid-Layer Crystallization Processes: Progressive Freezing / 固相層熔融結(jié)晶過程簡介：逐步冷凍法 / 793 18.3.1 Heat and Mass Transfer in Progressive Freezing / 逐步冷凍中的傳熱和傳質(zhì) / 793 18.3.2 Mass Balances and Impurity Levels / 質(zhì)量衡算和雜質(zhì)含量 / 795 18.3.3 Heat and Mass Transfer Correlations for Progressive Freezing / 逐步冷凍的傳熱和傳質(zhì)關(guān)系 / 796 18.3.4 Growth of the Crystal Layer in Progressive Freezing / 逐步冷凍過程中晶體層的生長 / 798 Example 18-4. Preliminary Calculations for Progressive Freezing / 例題 18-4. 逐步冷凍的初步計算 / 800 Example 18-5. Concentrated Progressive Freezing / 例題 18-5. 逐步冷凍的嚴密計算 / 802 18.3.5 Interpretation and Conclusions from Progressive Freezing Analysis / 逐步冷凍分析的解釋和結(jié)論 / 804 18.3.6 Progressive Freezing of Dilute, Non-eutectic, Linear Systems / 稀溶液、非共熔、線性體系的逐步冷凍 / 806 Example 18-6. Dilute Progressive Freezing / 例題 18-6. 稀溶液逐步冷凍 / 807 18.4 Static Solid-Layer Melt Crystallization Process / 靜態(tài)固相層熔融結(jié)晶過程 / 808 18.5 Dynamic Solid-Layer Melt Crystallization / 動態(tài)固相層熔融結(jié)晶 / 809 18.5.1 Staging Falling-Film Crystallizers / 分級降膜結(jié)晶器 / 810 18.5.2 Mass and Energy Balances and Crystal Growth / 質(zhì)量和能量衡算與晶體生長 / 811 18.5.3 Heat and Mass Transfer Correlations for Falling Films / 降膜的傳熱傳質(zhì)關(guān)系 / 814 Example 18-7. Falling-Film Crystallizer / 例題18-7. 降膜結(jié)晶器 / 815 Comments on the Solution Method and the Example / 對求解方法和實例的評價 / 819 18.6 Zone Melting / 區(qū)域熔融 / 819 Example 18-8. Zone Melting / 例題 18-8. 區(qū)域熔融 / 823 18.7 Post-Crystallization Processing / 結(jié)晶后處理 / 824 18.8 Scaleup / 放大 / 827 18.9 Hybrid Crystallization-Distillation Processes / 結(jié)晶和精餾的耦合過程 / 828 Example 18-9. Hybrid Crystallization-Distillation Process / 例題 18-9. 結(jié)晶-精餾耦合過程 / 830 18.10 Predictions / 預(yù)測 / 833 18.10.1 Epitaph for Column Suspension Melt Crystallization Systems / 柱式懸浮熔融結(jié)晶系統(tǒng)的謝幕 / 833 18.10.2 The Future of Static Solid-Layer Melt Crystallization / 靜態(tài)固相層熔融結(jié)晶的發(fā)展趨勢 / 834 References / 參考文獻 / 834 Problems / 習題 / 836
第19章 Introduction to Membrane Separation Processes 膜分離過程簡介 841 19.0 Summary—Objectives / 概要與教學目標 / 844 19.1 Membrane Separation Equipment / 膜分離設(shè)備 / 844 19.2 Membrane Concepts / 膜概念 / 847 19.3 Gas Permeation (GP) / 氣體滲透 / 850 19.3.1 GP of Binary Mixtures / 二元混合氣的滲透 / 851 19.3.2 Binary Permeation in Perfectly Mixed Systems / 理想混合體系中的二元滲透 / 853 Example 19-1. Well-Mixed GP—Sequential, Analytical Solution / 例題19-1. 充分混合氣體滲透—序貫分析求解 / 856 Example 19-2. Well-Mixed GP—Simultaneous Solutions / 例題 19-2. 充分混合氣體滲透—同步求解 / 857 19.3.3 Multicomponent Permeation in Perfectly Mixed Systems / 理想混合體系中的多組分滲透 / 861 Example 19-3. Multicomponent, Perfectly Mixed GP / 例題19-3. 多組分理想混合氣體的滲透 / 862 19.3.4 Effect of Pores and Holes in Membrane / 膜中孔道和孔洞的影響 / 863 Example 19-4. Effect of Holes / 例題 19-4. 孔洞的影響 / 864 19.4 Osmosis and Reverse Osmosis (RO) / 滲透和反滲透 / 865 19.4.1 Analysis of Osmosis / 滲透過程分析 / 866 19.4.2 Analysis of RO / 反滲透過程分析 / 868 19.4.3 RO in Well-Mixed Modules / 均質(zhì)模塊中的反滲透 / 870 Example 19-5. Determination of RO Membrane Properties / 例題 19-5. 反滲透膜性能測定 / 871 Example 19-6. RO without Concentration Polarization / 例題 19-6. 無濃差極化的反滲透 / 873 19.4.4 Mass Transfer Analysis of Concentration Polarization / 濃差極化的傳質(zhì)分析 / 874 Example 19-7. RO with Concentration Polarization / 例題 19-7. 有濃差極化的反滲透 / 876 Example 19-8. Prediction of RO Performance with Concentration Polarization / 例題 19-8. 有濃差極化的反滲透性能預(yù)測 / 878 19.4.5 Forward Osmosis (FO) / 正向滲透 / 879 19.5 Ultrafiltration (UF)` / 超濾 / 881 19.5.1 UF Membranes and Basic Equations / 超濾膜和基本方程 / 882 19.5.2 Gel Formation in UF / 超濾中的凝膠形成 / 884 Example 19-9. UF with Gel Formation / 例題 19-9. 產(chǎn)生凝膠的超濾 / 885 19.5.3 UF Operating Methods / 超濾操作方法 / 886 19.5.4 Microfiltration (MF) / 微濾 / 887 Example 19-10. Part I. MF with Small Particles / 例題 19-10. Part I. 含小顆粒的微濾 / 888 Example 19-10. Part II. MF with Particles > 1.0 μm / 例題 19-10. Part II. 大于1?m顆粒的微濾 / 889 19.5.5 Tricky Units / 棘手的單位 / 890 19.6 Pervaporation / 滲透汽化 / 891 19.6.1 Pervaporation Basics / 滲透汽化基礎(chǔ) / 891 19.6.2 Pervaporation Design Using Experimental Data / 使用實驗數(shù)據(jù)的滲透汽化設(shè)計 / 894 Example 19-11. Part I. Pervap—Feasibility Calculation / 例題 19-11. Part I. 滲透汽化—可行性計算 / 896 Example 19-11. Part II. Development of A Feasible Design / 例題 19-11. Part II. 建立可行的滲透汽化過程 / 897 19.6.3 Theoretical Analysis and Design of Pervaporation Systems / 滲透汽化系統(tǒng)的理論分析與設(shè)計 / 898 Example 19-12. Analysis of Pervaporation Data / 例題 19-12. 滲透汽化數(shù)據(jù)分析 / 899 19.7 Bulk Flow Pattern Effects / 主體流型效應(yīng) / 902 Example 19-13. Flow Pattern Effects in GP / 例題 19-13. 氣體滲透中的流型效應(yīng) / 902 19.7.1 Binary Crossflow Permeation / 二元錯流滲透 / 903 19.7.2 Binary Cocurrent and Countercurrent Permeation / 二元并流和逆流滲透 / 905 References / 參考文獻 / 905 Problems / 習題 / 907 Appendix A. Spreadsheet for Crossflow GP / 附錄 A. 用于錯流氣體滲透計算的電子表格 / 918
第20章 Introduction to Adsorption, Chromatography, and Ion Exchange 吸附、色譜和離子交換簡介 923 20.0 Summary—Objectives / 概要與教學目標 / 924 20.1 Adsorbents and Adsorption Equilibrium / 吸附劑和吸附平衡 / 924 20.1.1 Definitions / 定義 / 924 20.1.2 Adsorbent Types / 吸附劑類型 / 926 20.1.3 Adsorption Equilibrium Behavior / 吸附平衡行為 / 929 Example 20-1. Adsorption Equilibrium / 例題 20-1. 吸附平衡 / 932 20.2 Solute Movement Analysis for Linear Systems: Basics and Applications to Chromatography / 線性吸附的溶質(zhì)遷移分析:色譜的基礎(chǔ)和應(yīng)用 / 935 20.2.1 Movement of Solute in a Column / 溶質(zhì)在床層內(nèi)的遷移 / 935 20.2.2 Solute Movement Theory for Linear Isotherms / 線性等溫吸附下的溶質(zhì)遷移理論 / 937 20.2.3 Application of Linear Solute Movement Theory to Purge Cycles and Elution Chromatography / 線性溶質(zhì)遷移理論在吹掃循環(huán)和洗脫色譜中的應(yīng)用 / 938 Example 20-2. Linear Solute Movement Analysis of Elution Chromatography / 例題 20-2. 洗脫色譜的線性溶質(zhì)遷移分析 / 939 20.3 Solute Movement Analysis for Linear Systems: Temperature and Pressure Swing Adsorption and Simulated Moving Beds / 線性系統(tǒng)的溶質(zhì)遷移分析：變溫/變壓吸附和模擬移動床 / 942 20.3.1 Temperature Swing Adsorption / 變溫吸附 / 942 Example 20-3. Thermal Regeneration with Linear Isotherm / 例題 20-3. 線性等溫吸附下的熱再生 / 945 20.3.2 Pressure Swing Adsorption / 變壓吸附 / 950 Example 20-4. PSA System / 例題 20-4. 變壓吸附案例 / 952 20.3.3 Simulated Moving Beds / 模擬移動床 / 957 Example 20-5. SMB System / 例題 20-5. 模擬移動床案例 / 960 20.4 Nonlinear Solute Movement Analysis / 非線性溶質(zhì)遷移分析 / 963 20.4.1 Diffuse Waves / 擴散波 / 963 Example 20-6. Diffuse Wave / 例題 20-6. 擴散波 / 964 20.4.2 Shock Waves / 沖擊波 / 966 Example 20-7. Self-sharpening Shock Wave / 例題 20-7. 自銳化沖擊波 / 968 20.5 Ion Exchange / 離子交換 / 970 20.5.1 Ion-Exchange Equilibrium / 離子交換平衡 / 972 20.5.2 Movement of Ions / 離子運動 / 974 Example 20-8. Ion Movement for Divalent-Monovalent Exchange / 例題 20-8. 二價-單價交換的離子運動 / 975 References / 參考文獻 / 978 Problems / 習題 / 980
第21章 Mass Transfer Analysis of Adsorption, Chromatography, and Ion Exchange 吸附、色譜和離子交換的傳質(zhì)分析 991 21.0 Summary—Objectives / 概要與教學目標 / 991 21.1 Mass and Energy Transfer in Packed Beds / 填充床的質(zhì)量和能量傳遞 / 991 21.1.1 Mass Transfer and Diffusion / 傳質(zhì)與擴散 / 992 21.1.2 Column Mass Balances / 床層質(zhì)量衡算 / 994 21.1.3 Lumped Parameter Mass Transfer / 集總傳質(zhì)參數(shù) / 994 21.1.4 Energy Balances and Heat Transfer / 能量衡算與傳熱 / 998 21.1.5 Derivation of Solute Movement Theory / 溶質(zhì)遷移理論的推導(dǎo) / 999 21.1.6 Detailed Simulators / 相關(guān)仿真軟件/ 1000 21.2 Mass Transfer Solutions for Linear Systems / 線性吸附下的傳質(zhì)解 / 1000 21.2.1 Lapidus and Amundson Solution for Local Equilibrium with Dispersion in Liquids / 拉皮德斯和阿蒙森關(guān)于液體局部擴散平衡的解 / 1000 21.2.2 Superposition in Linear Systems / 線性系統(tǒng)中的疊加 / 1002 Example 21-1. Lapidus and Amundson Solution for Elution / 例題 21-1. 洗脫過程的拉皮德斯和阿蒙森解 / 1003 21.2.3 Linear Chromatography / 線性色譜 / 1004 Example 21-2. Determination of Linear Isotherm Parameters, N, and Resolution for Linear Chromatography / 例題 21-2. 線性等溫線參數(shù)N的測定和線性色譜的分離度/ 1006 21.3 Nonlinear Systems / 非線性吸附體系 / 1008 21.3.1 Constant Pattern Analysis / 恒定模式分析 / 1008 Example 21-3. Development of Constant Pattern Solution / 例題 21-3. 恒定模式解的推導(dǎo) / 1010 Example 21-4. Constant Pattern Calculation / 例題 21-4. 恒定模式計算 / 1011 21.3.2 Length of Unused Bed Approach for Constant Patterns / 恒定模式下的未用床層高度 / 1013 21.3.3 Scaling LUB and Constant Pattern Systems / 恒定模式下未用床層高度的放大 / 1015 Example 21-5. Scaling LUB Approach with Pore Diffusion Control / 例題 21-5. 孔擴散控制的未用床層高度放大方法 / 1016 21.3.4 Data Mining Breakthrough Experiments / 數(shù)據(jù)挖掘穿透實驗 / 1018 21.3.5 Review of Proportional Pattern Options / 比例模式選項的回顧 / 1019 21.4 Checklist for Practical Design and Operation / 實用設(shè)計與運行檢查清單 / 1019 References / 參考文獻 / 1021 Problems / 習題 / 1022 Appendix. Aspen Chromatography Simulator / 附錄. Aspen 色譜模擬 / 1030 Lab AC1. Introduction to Aspen Chromatography / 實驗 AC1. Aspen 色譜介紹 / 1031 Lab AC2. Convergence for Linear Isotherms / 實驗 AC2. 線性等溫線的收斂 / 1035 Lab AC3. Convergence for Nonlinear Isotherms / 實驗 AC3. 非線性等溫線的收斂 / 1036 Lab AC4. Cycle Organizer / 實驗 AC4. 循環(huán)管理器 / 1038 Lab AC5. Flow Reversal/ 實驗 AC5. 回流 / 1041 Lab AC6. Ion Exchange / 實驗 AC6. 離子交換 / 1045 Lab AC7. SMB and TMB / 實驗 AC7. 模擬移動床和真實移動床 / 1048 Lab AC8. Thermal Systems / 實驗 AC8. 變溫體系 / 1051
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