本報告總體分析中國開源生態(tài)體系的建設(shè)現(xiàn)狀，深入研究全球開源項目與開發(fā)者的發(fā)展態(tài)勢，系統(tǒng)解析開源技術(shù)在供給側(cè)與需求側(cè)的發(fā)展動態(tài)和趨勢，深入研究開源安全與合規(guī)的前沿進展，以及最新的開源司法案例與趨勢。深入洞察開源商業(yè)化的現(xiàn)狀與發(fā)展路徑，探討地方開源建設(shè)的創(chuàng)新實踐，挖掘開源國際化的潛力與機遇。 在基礎(chǔ)設(shè)施建設(shè)方面，特別關(guān)注全球開源項目的現(xiàn)狀、協(xié)同趨勢以及未來發(fā)展方向，重點探討中國開源項目與社區(qū)的發(fā)展及增長潛力。針對開源許可證的應(yīng)用和發(fā)展，結(jié)合典型司法案例分析全球及中國開源法律環(huán)境的變化。 在開源技術(shù)和應(yīng)用方面，分析了操作系統(tǒng)、數(shù)據(jù)庫、人工智能等重點技術(shù)領(lǐng)域的開源發(fā)展趨勢，探討了金融、通信、能源電力等行業(yè)的開源應(yīng)用現(xiàn)狀與未來發(fā)展動向。 在開源教育與開源學(xué)術(shù)方面，深入分析當(dāng)前的現(xiàn)狀與挑戰(zhàn)，提出了創(chuàng)新的開源教育體系和人才培養(yǎng)路徑。 在地方開源體系建設(shè)方面，系統(tǒng)梳理了地方開源政策的實施現(xiàn)狀與成效，提出了地方開源賦能經(jīng)濟發(fā)展的建議。 在企業(yè)開源實踐方面，總結(jié)了典型企業(yè)的開源項目與商業(yè)化經(jīng)驗，分析了開源企業(yè)的成功模式與商業(yè)化發(fā)展趨勢，探討了開源國際化的推進路徑與戰(zhàn)略。
開放原子開源基金會是中國開源領(lǐng)域唯一的國家級開源基金會，于2020年6月獲得批準登記注冊成立。基金會屬于非營利性組織，機構(gòu)性質(zhì)是《中華人民共和國慈善法》第八條所定義的慈善組織。開放原子開源基金會本著以開發(fā)者為本的開源項目孵化平臺、科技公益性服務(wù)機構(gòu)的定位，遵循共建、共治、共享原則，系統(tǒng)性打造開源開放框架，搭建國際開源社區(qū)，提升行業(yè)協(xié)作效率，賦能千行百業(yè)。目前開放原子開源基金會業(yè)務(wù)范圍主要包括募集資金、專項資助、宣傳推廣、教育培訓(xùn)、學(xué)術(shù)交流、國際合作、開源生態(tài)建設(shè)、咨詢服務(wù)等業(yè)務(wù)。開放原子開源基金會專注于開源項目的推廣傳播、法務(wù)協(xié)助、資金支持、技術(shù)支撐及開放治理等公益性事業(yè)，促進、保護、推廣開源軟件的發(fā)展與應(yīng)用；致力于推進開源項目、開源生態(tài)的繁榮和可持續(xù)發(fā)展，提升我國對全球開源事業(yè)的貢獻。
一、開源的重要價值····································································.1
（一）開源：驅(qū)動數(shù)字經(jīng)濟協(xié)同創(chuàng)新的引擎···································.2
（二）開源：塑造未來產(chǎn)業(yè)競爭力的戰(zhàn)略支點································.3
（三）開源：多元主體協(xié)同共建的創(chuàng)新生態(tài)···································.4
二、開源項目與開發(fā)者發(fā)展整體態(tài)勢················································.6
（一）開源貢獻量發(fā)展態(tài)勢·······················································.7
（二）開源進出口貢獻量發(fā)展態(tài)勢··············································.11
（三）活躍及新增活躍開源項目發(fā)展態(tài)勢·····································.16
（四）技術(shù)領(lǐng)域代碼貢獻量發(fā)展態(tài)勢···········································.23
（五）活躍及新增活躍開源開發(fā)者發(fā)展態(tài)勢··································.28
（六）技術(shù)領(lǐng)域活躍開源開發(fā)者發(fā)展態(tài)勢·····································.35
三、開源許可證的應(yīng)用與發(fā)展························································37
（一）開源許可證的應(yīng)用邏輯····················································.39
■■■ 中國開源發(fā)展深度報告（2024 年）
VI
（二）開源許可證的應(yīng)用情況····················································.39
（三）中國開源許可證的發(fā)展及現(xiàn)狀···········································.42
（四）司法判決所支持的開源規(guī)則和我國實踐案例·························.46
四、代碼托管平臺發(fā)展整體態(tài)勢·····················································59
（一）國內(nèi)代碼托管平臺發(fā)展情況··············································.60
（二）國內(nèi)代碼托管平臺發(fā)展挑戰(zhàn)··············································.61
（三）國內(nèi)平臺之間的競爭與合作··············································.63
（四）代碼托管平臺的發(fā)展建議·················································.64
五、重點技術(shù)領(lǐng)域開源發(fā)展態(tài)勢·····················································66
（一）開源操作系統(tǒng)領(lǐng)域發(fā)展態(tài)勢··············································.66
（二）開源人工智能領(lǐng)域發(fā)展態(tài)勢··············································.72
（三）開源數(shù)據(jù)庫領(lǐng)域發(fā)展態(tài)勢·················································.77
（四）重點技術(shù)領(lǐng)域開源發(fā)展建議··············································.82
六、重點行業(yè)領(lǐng)域開源應(yīng)用態(tài)勢·····················································84
（一）重點行業(yè)開源應(yīng)用持續(xù)深入··············································.84
（二）金融行業(yè)開源應(yīng)用發(fā)展態(tài)勢··············································.86
（三）通信行業(yè)開源應(yīng)用發(fā)展態(tài)勢··············································.89
（四）能源電力行業(yè)開源應(yīng)用發(fā)展態(tài)勢········································.93
（五）重點行業(yè)領(lǐng)域開源應(yīng)用發(fā)展建議········································.95
七、開源安全發(fā)展態(tài)勢·································································98
（一）開源漏洞發(fā)展概述·························································.99
（二）開源SBOM 發(fā)展態(tài)勢····················································.108
（三）開源SBOM 發(fā)展存在的問題及建議····································113
八、地方開源發(fā)展態(tài)勢······························································.115
（一）地方開源發(fā)展概況·························································115
（二）地方開源典型城市·························································118
（三）地方開源發(fā)展存在的問題及建議······································.123
目 錄 ■■■
VII
九、開源教育與開源學(xué)術(shù)發(fā)展態(tài)勢················································.125
（一）開源教育現(xiàn)狀·····························································.125
（二）開源教育面臨的主要挑戰(zhàn)···············································.130
（三）開源教育的發(fā)展建議····················································.131
（四）開源學(xué)術(shù)研究現(xiàn)狀及挑戰(zhàn)···············································.133
（五）開源學(xué)術(shù)發(fā)展建議·······················································.138
十、開源商業(yè)化發(fā)展態(tài)勢···························································.140
（一）開源軟件商業(yè)化的發(fā)展路徑············································.142
（二）開源項目發(fā)展核心評估要點············································.147
（三）商業(yè)開源軟件企業(yè)融資規(guī)模情況······································.148
（四）商業(yè)開源軟件企業(yè)融資輪次情況······································.153
（五）部分商業(yè)開源軟件企業(yè)發(fā)展情況······································.155
（六）開源商業(yè)化發(fā)展面臨的困難和建議···································.159
參編單位················································································.163
致謝·····················································································.164
附錄 2024 年中國商業(yè)開源軟件企業(yè)融資輪次································.166
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